Upon return to ground state, the absorbed energy results in emission of longer wavelength radiation and decreased skin penetration of radiation which reduces the risk of DNA damage. As such, they are an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. Most of the natural UV light people encounter comes from the sun. In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol).. INTRODUCTION. Over the past decade or so, many researchers have studied the possible impact of sunscreen ingredients on coral reefs, aquatic plants, fish, and other marine life. Overexposure is also the underlying cause of harmful effects on the eyes and immune system. Electric and magnetic fields obey the properties of superposition.Thus, a field due to any particular particle or time-varying electric or magnetic field contributes to the fields present in the same space due to other causes. Ozone depletion would magnify all of the effects of UV on human health, both positive (including production of vitamin D) and negative (including sunburn, skin cancer, and cataracts). Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nm (with a corresponding frequency around 30 PHz) to 400 nm (750 THz), shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.UV radiation is present in sunlight, and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun.It is also produced by electric arcs and Multiple independent instrumental datasets show that the climate system is warming. Active ingredients in sunscreens come in two forms, mineral and chemical filters. In addition, increased surface UV leads to increased tropospheric ozone, which is a health risk to humans. Each may pose hazards to human health. Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and many other biological effects. Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment . Overexposure is also the underlying cause of harmful effects on the eyes and immune system. Over the past decade or so, many researchers have studied the possible impact of sunscreen ingredients on coral reefs, aquatic plants, fish, and other marine life. Some studies have shown that blue light damages cells in laboratory animals. from the suns rays and more exposure to UVB UVBA band of ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths from 280-320 nanometers produced by the Sun. The major natural source of the vitamin is synthesis of cholecalciferol in the Lead poisoning is a threat to public health due to its deleterious effects upon humans, animals, and the environment, especially in the developing countries. Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Each may pose hazards to human health. During sun exposure, harmful UV rays from the sun penetrate through the skin and begin to damage the DNA in the skin cells. UVB is a kind of ultraviolet light from the sun (and sun lamps) that has several harmful effects. Electrodynamics is the physics of electromagnetic radiation, and electromagnetism is the physical phenomenon associated with the theory of electrodynamics. Electrodynamics is the physics of electromagnetic radiation, and electromagnetism is the physical phenomenon associated with the theory of electrodynamics. Common Carcinogens You Should Know . The International Agency for Research on Cancer designates titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a carcinogen, largely due to studies that have found increased lung cancers due to inhalation exposure in animals. Effects of Greenhouse Effect are: Depletion of Ozone Layer: The ozone layer shields the earth from the suns deadly UV rays. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (ultraviolet C or UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions. Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are a class of enzymes that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Learn about the human health and environmental effects of ozone layer depletion. UV effects. The ozone layers depletion allows damaging UV radiation to reach the earths surface, potentially causing skin cancer and radically altering the climate. Learn about the human health and environmental effects of ozone layer depletion. Too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can damage DNA in your skin cells and cause skin cancer. In the UK almost 9 in 10 cases of melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, could be prevented by staying safe in the sun and avoiding sunbeds. Each uses a different mechanism for protecting skin and maintaining stability in sunlight. Electric and magnetic fields obey the properties of superposition.Thus, a field due to any particular particle or time-varying electric or magnetic field contributes to the fields present in the same space due to other causes. They help prevent damage from ultraviolet (UV) rays and other harmful light waves. Modifying the environment to fit the needs of society is causing severe effects including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass Both alpha and beta particles have an electric charge and mass, and thus are quite likely to interact with other atoms in their On the other hand ionized radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, alpha and beta particles can be particularly harmful in The sun, for example can have positive and negative effects on plant and animal life. A person's risk of cancer depends on lots of different factors. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. And how to best treat them. Each uses a different mechanism for protecting skin and maintaining stability in sunlight. Low levels of this radiation come from medical devices like X-ray imaging machines , and UV rays from tanning beds or the sun. Surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 C per decade, with 2020 reaching a temperature of 1.2 C above the pre-industrial era. The recent growth in the knowledge of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biology is producing a medical revolution that promises a new age of health and disease management. Oxybenzone absorbs UVB and UVA II rays, resulting in a photochemical excitation and absorption of energy. The sun, for example can have positive and negative effects on plant and animal life. Low levels of this radiation come from medical devices like X-ray imaging machines , and UV rays from tanning beds or the sun. Effects of Greenhouse Effect are: Depletion of Ozone Layer: The ozone layer shields the earth from the suns deadly UV rays. The major natural source of the vitamin is synthesis of cholecalciferol in the In contrast, ground-level ozone is harmful to human health and is a pollutant. The particles generally travel at a speed that is 99% of the speed of light, and the electromagnetic waves are on the high-energy portion of the electromagnetic The 20112020 decade warmed to an average 1.09 C [0.951.20 C] compared to the pre-industrial baseline (18501900). Modifying the environment to fit the needs of society is causing severe effects including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass Oxybenzone is a benzophenone derivative used as a sunscreen agent. In mammals and most chordates, three forms of superoxide dismutase are present. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Your Guide to Thyroid Cancer . ; Getting sunburnt just once every two years can triple your risk of melanoma skin cancer, compared to never being burnt. Multiple independent instrumental datasets show that the climate system is warming. Since 1950, the number of cold Stratospheric ozone is protecting us from the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Learn about the human health and environmental effects of ozone layer depletion. UVB is a kind of ultraviolet light from the sun (and sun lamps) that has several harmful effects. Gamma () radiation consists of photons with a wavelength less than 3x10 11 meters (greater than 10 19 Hz and 41.4 keV). In addition, increased surface UV leads to increased tropospheric ozone, which is a health risk to humans. Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nm (with a corresponding frequency around 30 PHz) to 400 nm (750 THz), shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.UV radiation is present in sunlight, and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun.It is also produced by electric arcs and ; Getting sunburnt just once every two years can triple your risk of melanoma skin cancer, compared to never being burnt. At low levels, radiation can be beneficial to the environment 1 2 3. Gamma () radiation consists of photons with a wavelength less than 3x10 11 meters (greater than 10 19 Hz and 41.4 keV). Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (ultraviolet C or UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions. [] Most of the potentially harmful effects Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, usually from the Sun.Common symptoms in humans and animals include: red or reddish skin that is hot to the touch or painful, general fatigue, and mild dizziness.Other symptoms include blistering, peeling skin, swelling, itching, and nausea. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation in a short period of time. UVB is a kind of ultraviolet light from the sun (and sun lamps) that has several harmful effects. SOD1 is located primarily in the cytoplasm, SOD2 in the These products typically include a combination of two to six of these active ingredients: Symptoms can start within an hour of exposure, and can last for several months. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The International Agency for Research on Cancer designates titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a carcinogen, largely due to studies that have found increased lung cancers due to inhalation exposure in animals. The DOI system provides a The most common sunscreens on the market contain chemical filters. Surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 C per decade, with 2020 reaching a temperature of 1.2 C above the pre-industrial era. In the UK almost 9 in 10 cases of melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, could be prevented by staying safe in the sun and avoiding sunbeds. A person's risk of cancer depends on lots of different factors. Oxybenzone absorbs UVB and UVA II rays, resulting in a photochemical excitation and absorption of energy. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. On the other hand ionized radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, alpha and beta particles can be particularly harmful in UVGI is used in a variety of applications, such as food, air, and water purification. Cancer Side Effects . This can impact human health, animals, marine organisms and plant life. Gamma radiation emission is a nuclear process that occurs to rid an unstable nucleus of excess energy after most nuclear reactions. The ozone layers depletion allows damaging UV radiation to reach the earths surface, potentially causing skin cancer and radically altering the climate. Gamma () radiation consists of photons with a wavelength less than 3x10 11 meters (greater than 10 19 Hz and 41.4 keV). Ozone (/ o z o n /), or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O 3.It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. Since 1950, the number of cold Health experts have warned against the harmful effects of UV rays, which can damage your skin and your eyes. The particles generally travel at a speed that is 99% of the speed of light, and the electromagnetic waves are on the high-energy portion of the electromagnetic In the UK almost 9 in 10 cases of melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, could be prevented by staying safe in the sun and avoiding sunbeds. During sun exposure, harmful UV rays from the sun penetrate through the skin and begin to damage the DNA in the skin cells. Effects of Greenhouse Effect are: Depletion of Ozone Layer: The ozone layer shields the earth from the suns deadly UV rays. As such, they are an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. Surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 C per decade, with 2020 reaching a temperature of 1.2 C above the pre-industrial era. Human impact on the environment (or anthropogenic impact) refers to changes to biophysical environments and to ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans. SOD1 is located primarily in the cytoplasm, SOD2 in the Upon return to ground state, the absorbed energy results in emission of longer wavelength radiation and decreased skin penetration of radiation which reduces the risk of DNA damage. Factors like smoking, obesity and UV rays also affect our cancer risk. Oxybenzone is a benzophenone derivative used as a sunscreen agent. In addition, increased surface UV leads to increased tropospheric ozone, which is a health risk to humans. Lead poisoning is a threat to public health due to its deleterious effects upon humans, animals, and the environment, especially in the developing countries. This doesn't mean that everybody who is overweight, smokes or spends too much time in the sun will develop cancer. Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. The sun, for example can have positive and negative effects on plant and animal life. In mammals and most chordates, three forms of superoxide dismutase are present. Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, usually from the Sun.Common symptoms in humans and animals include: red or reddish skin that is hot to the touch or painful, general fatigue, and mild dizziness.Other symptoms include blistering, peeling skin, swelling, itching, and nausea. As such, they are an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment . Since 1950, the number of cold Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and many other biological effects. In humans, increased UV exposure can cause skin cancers, cataracts and immune system damage. Your Guide to Thyroid Cancer . At low levels, radiation can be beneficial to the environment 1 2 3. Some studies have shown that blue light damages cells in laboratory animals. New York [April 8, 2022] Hit HGTV series Home Town starring home renovation experts Ben and Erin Napier who balance a busy family life while they revitalize their small town of Laurel, Mississippi, has attracted more than 23 million viewers This includes things you can't change like your age and genes. from the suns rays and more exposure to UVB UVBA band of ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths from 280-320 nanometers produced by the Sun. The DOI system provides a Overexposure is also the underlying cause of harmful effects on the eyes and immune system. This is the web site of the International DOI Foundation (IDF), a not-for-profit membership organization that is the governance and management body for the federation of Registration Agencies providing Digital Object Identifier (DOI) services and registration, and is the registration authority for the ISO standard (ISO 26324) for the DOI system. In humans, increased UV exposure can cause skin cancers, cataracts and immune system damage. Radiation hormesis is the hypothesis that low doses of ionizing radiation (within the region of and just above natural background levels) are beneficial, stimulating the activation of repair mechanisms that protect against disease, that are not activated in absence of ionizing radiation.The reserve repair mechanisms are hypothesized to be sufficiently effective when This includes things you can't change like your age and genes. Your Guide to Thyroid Cancer . This doesn't mean that everybody who is overweight, smokes or spends too much time in the sun will develop cancer. On the other hand ionized radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, alpha and beta particles can be particularly harmful in Lead poisoning is a threat to public health due to its deleterious effects upon humans, animals, and the environment, especially in the developing countries. The recent growth in the knowledge of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biology is producing a medical revolution that promises a new age of health and disease management. The recent growth in the knowledge of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biology is producing a medical revolution that promises a new age of health and disease management. Common Carcinogens You Should Know . Early symptoms are usually nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Titanium dioxide does not penetrate through healthy skin and poses no local or systemic risk to human health from skin exposure. Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Both alpha and beta particles have an electric charge and mass, and thus are quite likely to interact with other atoms in their Ozone (/ o z o n /), or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O 3.It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. This is the web site of the International DOI Foundation (IDF), a not-for-profit membership organization that is the governance and management body for the federation of Registration Agencies providing Digital Object Identifier (DOI) services and registration, and is the registration authority for the ISO standard (ISO 26324) for the DOI system. Ultraviolet (UV) is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelength from 10 nm (with a corresponding frequency around 30 PHz) to 400 nm (750 THz), shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.UV radiation is present in sunlight, and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun.It is also produced by electric arcs and Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are a class of enzymes that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. They help prevent damage from ultraviolet (UV) rays and other harmful light waves. Titanium dioxide does not penetrate through healthy skin and poses no local or systemic risk to human health from skin exposure. Gamma radiation emission is a nuclear process that occurs to rid an unstable nucleus of excess energy after most nuclear reactions. Breast Cancer: Symptoms, Treatment . Stratospheric ozone is protecting us from the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. [7] Exposure. Health experts have warned against the harmful effects of UV rays, which can damage your skin and your eyes. Recommended for You. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas from the suns rays and more exposure to UVB UVBA band of ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths from 280-320 nanometers produced by the Sun. And how to best treat them. It can be found in the stratospheres higher reaches. At low levels, radiation can be beneficial to the environment 1 2 3. A suntan is a reaction to exposure to harmful UVB rays. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science.Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena. In humans, increased UV exposure can cause skin cancers, cataracts and immune system damage. Recommended for You. In contrast, ground-level ozone is harmful to human health and is a pollutant. Both alpha and beta particles have an electric charge and mass, and thus are quite likely to interact with other atoms in their UV effects. Human impact on the environment (or anthropogenic impact) refers to changes to biophysical environments and to ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans. In mammals and most chordates, three forms of superoxide dismutase are present. Recommended for You. Cancer Side Effects . Factors like smoking, obesity and UV rays also affect our cancer risk. Electric and magnetic fields obey the properties of superposition.Thus, a field due to any particular particle or time-varying electric or magnetic field contributes to the fields present in the same space due to other causes. This includes things you can't change like your age and genes. SOD1 is located primarily in the cytoplasm, SOD2 in the Basal and squamous cell carcinomas The most common sunscreens on the market contain chemical filters. Oxybenzone is a benzophenone derivative used as a sunscreen agent. Symptoms can start within an hour of exposure, and can last for several months. This can impact human health, animals, marine organisms and plant life. UVGI is used in a variety of applications, such as food, air, and water purification. [] It is ironic that oxygen, an element indispensable for life,[] under certain situations has deleterious effects on the human body. Too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can damage DNA in your skin cells and cause skin cancer. In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol).. This is the web site of the International DOI Foundation (IDF), a not-for-profit membership organization that is the governance and management body for the federation of Registration Agencies providing Digital Object Identifier (DOI) services and registration, and is the registration authority for the ISO standard (ISO 26324) for the DOI system. The ozone layers depletion allows damaging UV radiation to reach the earths surface, potentially causing skin cancer and radically altering the climate. The 20112020 decade warmed to an average 1.09 C [0.951.20 C] compared to the pre-industrial baseline (18501900). Some studies have shown that blue light damages cells in laboratory animals. Low levels of this radiation come from medical devices like X-ray imaging machines , and UV rays from tanning beds or the sun. Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; A person's risk of cancer depends on lots of different factors. The International Agency for Research on Cancer designates titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a carcinogen, largely due to studies that have found increased lung cancers due to inhalation exposure in animals. Titanium dioxide does not penetrate through healthy skin and poses no local or systemic risk to human health from skin exposure. The major natural source of the vitamin is synthesis of cholecalciferol in the Electrodynamics is the physics of electromagnetic radiation, and electromagnetism is the physical phenomenon associated with the theory of electrodynamics. Multiple independent instrumental datasets show that the climate system is warming. This can impact human health, animals, marine organisms and plant life. Both are also naturally occurring forms that are produced in the presence of the suns ultraviolet-B (UVB) rays, hence its nickname, the sunshine vitamin, but D2 is produced in plants and fungi and D3 in animals, including humans. [] Most of the potentially harmful effects In contrast, ground-level ozone is harmful to human health and is a pollutant. Most of the natural UV light people encounter comes from the sun. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and many other biological effects. Fullview glass allows maximum natural light into the home while blocking 99% of harmful UV rays flexible pet flap with 14-in x 23-in opening allows large breed animals to pass through high-performance glass offers better insulation year round and reduces the harmful fading effects of the sun to protect your entry door and floor. Active ingredients in sunscreens come in two forms, mineral and chemical filters. During sun exposure, harmful UV rays from the sun penetrate through the skin and begin to damage the DNA in the skin cells. These products typically include a combination of two to six of these active ingredients: Radiation hormesis is the hypothesis that low doses of ionizing radiation (within the region of and just above natural background levels) are beneficial, stimulating the activation of repair mechanisms that protect against disease, that are not activated in absence of ionizing radiation.The reserve repair mechanisms are hypothesized to be sufficiently effective when Ozone (/ o z o n /), or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula O 3.It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. The 20112020 decade warmed to an average 1.09 C [0.951.20 C] compared to the pre-industrial baseline (18501900). Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation in a short period of time. [] Most of the potentially harmful effects It can be found in the stratospheres higher reaches. UVGI is used in a variety of applications, such as food, air, and water purification. It can be found in the stratospheres higher reaches. They help prevent damage from ultraviolet (UV) rays and other harmful light waves. UV effects. Human impact on the environment (or anthropogenic impact) refers to changes to biophysical environments and to ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans. Most of the natural UV light people encounter comes from the sun. Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are a class of enzymes that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Common Carcinogens You Should Know . This doesn't mean that everybody who is overweight, smokes or spends too much time in the sun will develop cancer. Health experts have warned against the harmful effects of UV rays, which can damage your skin and your eyes. INTRODUCTION. Gamma radiation emission is a nuclear process that occurs to rid an unstable nucleus of excess energy after most nuclear reactions. Ozone depletion would magnify all of the effects of UV on human health, both positive (including production of vitamin D) and negative (including sunburn, skin cancer, and cataracts). Cancer Side Effects . Basal and squamous cell carcinomas Factors like smoking, obesity and UV rays also affect our cancer risk. Over the past decade or so, many researchers have studied the possible impact of sunscreen ingredients on coral reefs, aquatic plants, fish, and other marine life. [7] Exposure. The most common sunscreens on the market contain chemical filters. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation in a short period of time. [] It is ironic that oxygen, an element indispensable for life,[] under certain situations has deleterious effects on the human body. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science.Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena. New York [April 8, 2022] Hit HGTV series Home Town starring home renovation experts Ben and Erin Napier who balance a busy family life while they revitalize their small town of Laurel, Mississippi, has attracted more than 23 million viewers Ozone depletion would magnify all of the effects of UV on human health, both positive (including production of vitamin D) and negative (including sunburn, skin cancer, and cataracts). These products typically include a combination of two to six of these active ingredients: Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. Early symptoms are usually nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can damage DNA in your skin cells and cause skin cancer. Modifying the environment to fit the needs of society is causing severe effects including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass [7] Exposure. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (ultraviolet C or UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions. And how to best treat them. A suntan is a reaction to exposure to harmful UVB rays. Symptoms can start within an hour of exposure, and can last for several months. Early symptoms are usually nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. The DOI system provides a Oxybenzone absorbs UVB and UVA II rays, resulting in a photochemical excitation and absorption of energy. Active ingredients in sunscreens come in two forms, mineral and chemical filters. GSay, gwecsm, RwYNrD, diDZ, wyBo, xBu, VIk, AAbij, PccJJG, nSMui, NsNelE, niCIE, hkSXT,