Whether the passenger space was intruded. For this reason, abdominal trauma can lead to substantial medical problems. 1. It is divided into two types blunt or penetrating and may involve damage to . Repairs of traumatic blunt bowel injury remains a surgical challenge and need for blood transfusion, high serum lactate, number of re-laparotomies, and mortality were significantly associated with postoperative complications. When the injury is close range, there is more kinetic energy than those injuries sustained from a distance. Setting University teaching hospital, level I trauma center.. These . Cases of blunt abdominal injury (N = 927) to children ages 0 to 4 years were extracted from the National Pediatric Trauma Registry. postoperative complications, and associated trauma especially to spine, head, thorax, and extremities. In ski resorts, 2/3 of renal injuries are due to skiing accidents. Background Intestinal disruption following blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite the advances in . A 38-year-old male who sustained blunt abdominal trauma at work presented to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain localized prim There were 3 deaths among the 47 patients. In patients with blunt abdominal trauma, injuries to solid organs predominate, with splenic and liver injury being commonest, while trauma to the pancreas is uncommon with a reported incidence of 0.4% to 12%. Blunt abdominal trauma (see the image below) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups. It is thought that the fixed portions of the small bowel, namely, the terminal ileum and proximal jejunum, are prone to perforation during blunt . Blunt abdominal injury (BAI) is common and usually results from motor vehicle collisions (MVC), falls and assaults. Blunt abdominal trauma due to road side accident was the leading cause of abdominal trauma 9 (9%) followed by traumatic perforation due to stab 5 (5%) (Table 1). Identification of serious intra-abdominal pathology is often challenging. Whether a passenger died. Chest injuries can result from blunt force trauma or impact to the chest from a fall or car accident. Other notable complications of blunt abdominal trauma during falls in elderly patients include aortic dissection, 19 atheroembolic disease 20 and even small-intestinal perforation. Measures included hospital utilization (days hospitalized, intensive care unit use, and surgery) and patient outcome (in-hospital fatality, discharge to rehabilitation facility, home rehabilitation, and home . However, more recently, spleen-sparing management has been favored over surgical management for cases that meet certain criteria, with surgery now reserved for patients with complications. Blunt force trauma occurs when a strong force hits the body (in this case, the abdomen), but does not penetrate the skin. Stable patients with lower grade injuries are treated conservatively; those stable patients with moderate to severe splenic injuries (grade III-V) benefit from endovascular splenic artery embolization. Background: Blunt abdominal trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups. The basic pathology is that the bowel mesentery (small bowel of sigmoid colon) gets pulled away from the . Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of blunt pancreatic trauma, followed by falls, and sports injuries. Diagnosis may involve ultrasonography, computed tomography, and peritoneal lavage, and treatment may involve surgery. Blunt abdominal trauma. The abdomen is home to numerous important organs and tissues. Abdominal trauma remains a leading cause of mortality in all age groups. Intestinal injuries, although less common, may also be present. Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) mainly results from motor vehicle accident, fall from height and assaults. Solid and hollow organ injuries may occur in abdominal trauma patients. It has greater mortality than penetrating as there is often injury to multiple organ systems. Objective To determine the incidence and type of delayed complications from nonoperative management of adult splenic injury.. Design Retrospective medical record review.. 47. Recognition of this fundamental role in the immune response during the last century has led to greater . Abdominal trauma is divided into: Penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT), usually diagnosed based on clinical signs. Bladder rupture can also be encountered. Few guidelines exist at present to aid the surgeon in deciding which injuries r Blunt abdominal trauma is the leading cause of intra-abdominal injury with motor vehicle accidents being the leading cause of blunt abdominal trauma [ 1 ]. Complication rates after the operative treatment of pancreatic injuries range from 26% to 86%. This study aimed to retrospectively assess the rate of splenic salvage and complications after SAE for blunt trauma at a level 1 trauma center using the 2018 update to the AAST criteria, and further . Blunt trauma injuries to the pancreas are rare but are associated with significant overall mortality and a high complication rate. In urban areas, 80% of renal injuries occur in the context of polytrauma. Splenic Trauma. Complications of blunt abdominal trauma include peritonitis, hemorrhagic shock, and death. As an adjunct to non-operative management, splenic artery embolization (SAE) has been increasingly utilized throughout the world and is now the standard of care for hemodynamically stable patients. Low CT abdomen and pelvis 8 Traditional managem splenic hematomas has been primarily surgical. Duodenal injury Penetrating trauma, predominantly GSW 75% & blunt 25% The second portion of the duodenum is most commonly injured Delays in diagnosis in case of isolated injury. Advances in Abdominal . Common injuries are divided into two categories: solid organ (e.g., liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys) and hollow organ (e.g., stomach, large and small bowel, gall bladder, urinary . The rapid increase in motor vehicles and its aftermath has caused rapid increase in the number of victims to blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). There are two broad categories of abdominal injuries. The spleen is the organ damaged most commonly, followed by the liver and a hollow . Blunt abdominal trauma + hypotension with positive FAST scan, positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) or peritonism. Major trauma has been associated with 7 percent of maternal and 80 percent of fetal mortality. Even though most gunshot wounds typically have a linear . Blunt abdominal trauma is more likely to be delayed or altogether missed because . The Difference: Blunt versus Penetrating Abdominal Trauma. Whether prolonged extrication was required. A 34 year old man was evaluated in the emergency department for a two day history of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspnoea, and breathlessness. Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia (TDH) or rupture is a serious complication of abdominal or thoracic trauma. Motor vehicle crashes are the most common cause of blunt trauma in . Due to its less frequency, this injury has not been studied in detail prospectively. Patients Two hundred eighty patients were admitted to the adult trauma service with blunt splenic injury during a 4-year period. Out of 100 laparotomy cases performed, post-operative complications were found in 68 patients. Blunt abdominal trauma can result in multiple different organ injuries. DISCUSSION. Identification of serious intra-abdominal pathology is often challenging; many injuries may not manifest during the initial assessment and treatment period. Right kidney injury with blood in perirenal space. sources of bleeding are typically spleen, liver, pelvis, retroperitoneal or gastrointestinal haemorrhage. 21 All have been rarely described, but the very high and increasing incidence 22 of falls among the elderly and the frequent failure of physicians to consider the . Patients can also present with extra-abdominal injuries such. Blunt abdominal trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups. Introduction. . Abdominal trauma is an injury to the abdomen.Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, rigidity, and bruising of the external abdomen. Two widely used embolization approaches are proximal and distal . [2] BAT makes up 75% of all blunt trauma and . The most common organs injured are the small bowel (50%), large bowel (40%), liver (30%), and intra-abdominal vascular (25%). Complications after abdominal trauma. The chest cavity contains vital-to-life organs such as the heart, lungs, and great vessels . The most common cause is a stab or gunshot. Unstable patients undergo laparotomy and splenectomy. Radiologic Procedure Rating Comments RRL* X-ray abdomen supine and upright 8 CT and x-rays may be appropriate. Blow to the stomach (like a punch) 4. Thirteen percent of blunt abdominal trauma patients suffer intra-abdominal injuries with 4.7% requiring intervention [ 2 ]. A retrospective review was conducted of 112 adult trauma patients that were treated nonoperatively for blunt abdominal trauma between 1991 and 1998. We discuss the decision-making process used during the clinical courses of 3 patients with life-threatening blunt pancreatic injuries caused by . Blunt trauma, also known as non . Trauma is the leading cause of nonobstetric death in expectant mothers, affecting 7 percent of all pregnancies; most often trauma occurs in the third trimester. It receives 5% of the cardiac output, accounts for 25% of the total reticuloendothelial cell mass, and plays a major role in clearing the plasma antigens. Anatomic and physiologic changes of pregnancy influence the assessment, management, and prevention of trauma. Penetrating abdominal trauma is seen in many countries. 2. 3 It is therefore important to have a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis when evaluating patients with blunt trauma. Injuries Seen in Abdominal Trauma - Differential Diagnosis. For example: Abdominal pain and/or swelling can be caused by Internal bleeding from trauma in the liver or spleen. In children (less than or equal to 14 years of age), blunt abdominal trauma is the second most frequent cause of mortality preceded by head injuries. 3, 6 Physiologic changes include a 30% to 50% increase in blood volume and a . 6 Some controversy exists about the exact cause of the intestinal stenosis. What this study adds to our knowledge. There are a number of classical injury patterns, which occur following common mechanisms of injury such as rapid deceleration while wearing a lap-only . These are: Blunt Trauma: This is a direct blow to the stomach that does not break the surface . Being hit by the handle bars of a bike. BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA BY: ANNE E. ODARO (MCM/2017/69852) FACILITATOR: DR. NYAGA. Removal of the spleen is associated with a number of complications including bacterial infections, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and . Complications of blunt abdominal traumaBlunt abdominal trauma can cause damage to the internal organs, resulting in internal bleeding, cause contusions, or injuries to the bowel, spleen, liver, and intestines. Motor vehicle accidents account for 75%-80% of BAT. He had a history of blunt abdominal trauma 13 years ago with recurrent symptoms of bowel obstruction resolving spontaneously.